Nodus of Naxalism in India

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What is Naxalism?

The word Naxalism comes from a village called Naxalbari in West Bengal. Naxalism was founded by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal in the year 1967.

The Naxalism was originated as an act of armed resistance to the local landlord who bashed against poor agriculture labours over land.

The Naxalism was under the leadership of Kanu Santhal and Jangal Santhal with an aim if redistribution of the agriculture land to working agriculture labour which was initiated in 1967.

The Rise of Naxalism

The Naxalism was started from a small village Naxalbari in West Bengal in 1967.
Naxalism was under the control of the Communist Party of India(marxist) (CPI-M) which was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, Jangal Sanyal initiated a violent uprising in 1967.

As poor farmers and tribal people were not satisfied with the local land policy so they joined Naxal movement.

The Naxal movement was spread across the Southern and Eastern parts of India (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar and West Bengal and some parts of Uttar Pradesh). Naxals covered almost 2/3rd part of the forest. This area came to be known as the Red Corridor.

The Naxal movement rose gradually and the reasons behind the growth were -

1. Local exploitation
2. Extreme poverty
3. Smuggling
4. Brainwashing local people

Causes of Naxalism

The districts under the Red Corridor were highly affected by poverty, corruption, unemployment, lack of infrastructure.

The government did not start any movement for upliftment of the poor living in these districts under the Red Corridor which leads to brainwashing of people against the government.

Low levels of infrastructure lead to unemployment and poverty which led to anti-government practices in the area.

Poor management of the local land system which only helped landlords. The landlord focuses only on their money and did not care about the workers which led to the joining of the anti-government movements.
The university students became one of the major supporters of the movement. The university became a major place for racial ideology.

How did Naxalism affect India?

As the growing violent activities of Naxalism has increased in India, Prime Minister ‘Manmohan Singh' has declared Naxalism as ‘The most serious internal threat to India's National Security'
The rise in Naxal violence has led to the death of over 10,000 civilians and displaced over 1.2 crore people since the 1980s with a rise in killing in Red Corridor areas. More than 30% of districts were affected due to Naxalism.

It was one of the biggest problems faced by Indians. The violent movement caused by Naxalism led to extreme poverty, low infrastructure, unemployment, which also led to anti-government practices.

The Fall of Naxalism in India

After the rise of Naxalism in 2010, The movement started to decline, according to 2018 statistics, there is more than 70% decline in the movement.

The main reasons for the fall of Naxalism were - 

1. Killing 20,000 tribals as the movement was for the upliftment of the tribal and lower-class group.
2. They did not believe in negotiation
3. Brainwashing against the government

According to 2018 report, there are only 30 Districts left under Naxalism. 

There has been a huge development in these areas by constructing 307 police station, 2,187 new mobile towers, 1,391kms of road, 5,412kms under construction roads, 358 banks, 752 Atm's and more than 1,700 post office were built across the districts

Which gave a massive hit to Senior Maionst leader ‘Pahad Singh alis kumarsai' who surrenders in Chhattisgarh which built trust among the tribal and lower-class people for the government.

By seeing the situation of Naxalism we can say that the Defence Minister of India ‘Rajnath Singh' had successfully controlled the Naxal movement in India. 

Conclusion

As the fall of Naxalism, we can say that neither the extreme left-wing not extreme right-wing is better for the country because we have seen countries following extreme left-wing ideologies like China had Mao and Russia had Stalin both of them were famous for their mass killing.

The countries following the extreme right-wing ideologies are the middle eastern countries who define their country as a religion.
In short, both the extreme left-wing and the extreme right-wing are dangerous ideologies to follow but both right and left have some good views which can benefit the center.

Written by - Karamveer

Edited by - Chhavi Gupta