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| Source: Nikkei Asia |
Establish cotton mills:
Nusserwanji Tata was born in Navsari, Gujarat in 1822. He wanted to do something great. He moved to Mumbai at the age of 20 with wife and a child. He was engaged in the cotton export business. He provided a good education to his son Jamsetji ( 1839- 1904) . After finishing his education Nusserwanji wanted to send Jamsetji to Hong Kong for business expansion.
Jamsetji was very ambitious and in his 65 years life he worked for 3 continents.he started many cotton mills in India. Additionally he was the founder of India's first steel factory and launched India's first 5-star hotel Mumbai's Taj Hotel.
Industrialisation:
Tata is known as the father of Indian industrialisation. In 1874,Jamsetji setup his first cotton mill factory in Nagpur. It was his first experience of cotton production, and encountered problems related to workers in his cotton mills. Workers hadn't come to work and made reasons for being absent. Instead of threatening the workers with termination, he wanted to motivate them for work. Then he started General provident pounds. Also an insurance policy for those who met with an accident, and treatment costs related to that accident were to be given by the company. It was a good initiative because at that time during the 1800s the working conditions for workers used to be terrible.
Innovative dreams:
Jamsetji had many revolutionary dreams such as: setting up a steel plant, building a hydroelectric power point, set-up a world class education institution, and building a 5- star hotel in India. Before the death of Jamsetji, work on his dream project was started but only The Taj Hotel was built during his lifetime. Later Dorabji Tata ( 1859- 1932), made sure that the rest of his dream project would be completed.
Tata Steel:
It is a dream project of Jamsetji, founded By 1907, the Tata Steel plant started steel production. Around WW1, the British empire used steel to make tanks, so Tata Steel became the largest steel production company in India. The Tata Steel is also used to make other weapons, military vehicles, cars, railway tracks, train bogies. After ww1 The Tata Steel was a reputed company in Britain. By 2014 the Tata Steel company was included with 14 other companies.
Tata Airlines:
Dorabji Tata supervised the company till 1938. After that his distant cousin, who grew up in France, Jahangir Ratan Tata (JRD) took command of the company. He was trained and a passionate pilot, and his dream was to bring civil aviation to India. To do this the British government did not agree to corpora.
At that time Sir Dorabji Tata agreed to invest in JRD Tata's dream project. So JRD Tata flew the first Indian plane from Karachi to Mumbai, on 15th October 1932. In 1946 the Tata India was renamed Air India.
Nationalization:
After 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru's policies nationalized the major companies and institutions, so that Tata Airlines also went under government control in 1953. It was sad for JRD Tata but they believed business is not only for profit but also for nation-building. After the takeover of Air India, Nehru's government offered JRD Tata a chairman position to lead Air India. Air India is considered as one of most reputed airlines in the world during the 1970s and 1980s.
Again Air India gave back to Tata group, its founder company, nearly seven decades after nationalization. Because it continues running in huge losses over many years. On 8 October 2021, the Indian government sold off Airline to Tata. Reportedly Tata talked with Singapore Airlines (SIA) to unite with their jointly-owned airline ( Vistara) with Air India.
Tata Motors:
In 1945, Tata stabilized Tata Engineering and Locomotive company ( TELC) but it was renamed Tata Motors in 2003.Its first for making locomotives and other products. In 1948 they introduced steamed road rollers in collaboration with Marshall sons (UK). First car model was the Tata Sierra in 1991, and the first company to manufacture an automobile. First Indigenous car Indica was launched in 1998, and Tata Nano was promoted as world cheapest car in 2008. It expanded its automobil portfolio by manufacturing Tata 407( first light truck), Tata Marcopolo Bus (with Brazilian company) in 2005. models of vehicles are Nixon, Bolt, Harris, Sumo Gold,Tigor. Wahas its many assembling and manufacturing facilities unit in India and out of the country.
TCS:
In 1968, Tata Consultancy Services was founded. It is the second largest employer in the country, following the Indian Railway. It provides electronic data processing services. World's one of the most best performing tech companies.
Other company
Under Sir Dorabji Tata's chairman, the group grew new areas of industry like Electricity (1910), Education(1911), consumer product (1917). JRD Tata was chairman of the company for around 52 years, and there were many companies started during this time. Technology (1945), cosmetic (1952), Engineering, marketing, manufacturing in 1954,Tea (1962), Tetley tea, a London tea company acquired by Tata in 2000.
Government regulations:
In 1969, the monopoly trade and Restrictive Trade Practices Act was passed. The government's focus was to check that no single company could grow so big, That time the Tata group was most concerned by this Act. In spite of this rule Tata group continues growing, under the management of JRD Tata with the making of various subsidiaries companies, under the Tata Group. He lessened the company's ownership in the various companies. Then the other people started handing Tata's businesses and this approach was not good for business. It couldn't be successful all the time.
Ratan Naval Tata:
He was born on 28 December 1937, He was the chairman of Tata sons from 1990-2012, and interim chairman 2016-2017. He is head of its charitable trust. In 1991 Indian finance Minister Manmohan Sing announced the Liberation of India to protect the Indian economy, and India markets open to the world. To protect the Indian economy. So Ratan Tata started raising Tata group ownership in all groups subsidiaries. It was done for the Tata group, saving Tata companies could not be talked over by any international company.
Luxury brands:
Not only Tata survived that time, but they started acquiring other foreign companies too. The Europe 's steel giant Corus was acquired by Tata, the tetley tea company is also acquired by Tata. British based Jaguar and Land Rover, car manufacturing company's workers, wanted Tata to take over the company. Mainly Tata group's philosophy of their business is social uplifting. Tata Sons is a most notable philanthropist group, they donate 60-65% of their profit.
Listed in stock market:
In September 2004, Tata listed on the New York Stock Exchange. But before it, it listed on the BSE. In NIFTY (National Stock Exchange Fifty) Tata group is one of the most important groups for brokers.
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