Source - (Practo)
Angioplasty, also known as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is a medical procedure used to treat narrowed or blocked blood vessels, usually in the heart or legs. The procedure involves the use of a small, flexible catheter with a balloon at the tip that is inserted into the affected blood vessel and inflated to open up the narrowed or blocked area.
The procedure is typically performed in a hospital or catheterization laboratory by a trained medical professional, such as a cardiologist or interventional radiologist. Before the procedure, the patient may receive a local anesthetic or mild sedative to help them relax. The patient will be awake during the procedure but will not feel any pain.
During the procedure, the medical professional will make a small incision in the skin near the affected blood vessel and insert a catheter through the incision and into the blood vessel. The catheter is guided to the narrowed or blocked area using X-ray imaging. Once the catheter reaches the affected area, a small balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated to widen the artery and improve blood flow.
In some cases, a stent may be inserted into the affected blood vessel to help keep it open. A stent is a small metal mesh tube that is inserted into the artery and expands to help keep it open. The stent remains in place permanently and helps to improve blood flow in the affected area.
After the procedure, the catheter is removed and the incision is closed with stitches or a small bandage. The patient will typically be able to go home the same day, although they may need to stay in the hospital overnight for observation in some cases.
Angioplasty is used to treat a variety of conditions, including:
· Coronary artery disease: Angioplasty may be used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries in the heart, which can cause chest pain or a heart attack.
· Peripheral artery disease: Angioplasty may be used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries in the legs, which can cause pain, numbness, or difficulty walking.
· Carotid artery disease: Angioplasty may be used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries in the neck, which can increase the risk of stroke.
· Renal artery stenosis: Angioplasty may be used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries in the kidneys, which can cause high blood pressure or kidney damage.
Angioplasty is generally considered a safe and effective procedure, although there are some risks involved, including bleeding, infection, damage to the blood vessel, or allergic reactions to the contrast dye used during the procedure. The risk of complications is generally low, and the benefits of the procedure usually outweigh the risks.
Differences between Angiogram and Angioplasty
An angiogram and angioplasty are two related medical procedures, but they are distinct and serve different purposes. Here are the differences between an angiogram and an angioplasty:
Purpose: An angiogram is a diagnostic test that uses a contrast dye and X-rays to visualize the blood vessels in the body, whereas angioplasty is a therapeutic procedure that is performed to open up blocked or narrowed blood vessels.
Source - Wikipedia
Risks: Both procedures carry some risks, but the risks associated with angioplasty are generally greater than those associated with angiograms. Risks of angiograms include bleeding, infection, or allergic reactions to the contrast dye. Risks of angioplasty include the risk of damage to the blood vessel, bleeding, or the need for emergency bypass surgery if the procedure fails.
Recovery: Recovery time after an angiogram is generally shorter than after an angioplasty. After an angiogram, the patient will typically need to lie still for several hours and may need to stay in the hospital overnight in some cases. After an angioplasty, the patient may need to stay in the hospital for several days to monitor for complications
Bypass surgery
Source - (UCSF Department of Surgery)
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), commonly known as bypass surgery, is a surgical procedure used to treat blockages in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. The procedure involves taking a healthy blood vessel, usually from the patient's leg or chest, and using it to bypass the blocked or narrowed section of the coronary artery.
The bypass surgery is typically performed in a hospital setting under general anesthesia by a cardiovascular surgeon. During the surgery, the patient's chest is opened, the heart is temporarily stopped, and the patient is placed on a heart-lung bypass machine, which takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during the procedure. The surgeon then takes a healthy blood vessel from the patient's leg or chest and attaches it to the blocked or narrowed section of the coronary artery to create a bypass.
After the bypass is completed, the heart is restarted, and the patient is taken off the heart-lung machine. The chest is closed, and the patient is moved to a recovery area to be monitored closely for any complications.
Bypass surgery is typically used to treat patients with severe coronary artery disease who have multiple or complex blockages that cannot be treated with less invasive procedures, such as angioplasty or medication. The surgery can improve blood flow to the heart and reduce the risk of heart attack, angina, and other complications.
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with bypass surgery, including bleeding, infection, stroke, and heart attack. The recovery time after bypass surgery is generally longer than after less invasive procedures, such as angioplasty, and the patient may need to stay in the hospital for several days or weeks to recover fully.
Written by - Narayanamanikandan B
The bypass surgery is typically performed in a hospital setting under general anesthesia by a cardiovascular surgeon. During the surgery, the patient's chest is opened, the heart is temporarily stopped, and the patient is placed on a heart-lung bypass machine, which takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during the procedure. The surgeon then takes a healthy blood vessel from the patient's leg or chest and attaches it to the blocked or narrowed section of the coronary artery to create a bypass.
After the bypass is completed, the heart is restarted, and the patient is taken off the heart-lung machine. The chest is closed, and the patient is moved to a recovery area to be monitored closely for any complications.
Bypass surgery is typically used to treat patients with severe coronary artery disease who have multiple or complex blockages that cannot be treated with less invasive procedures, such as angioplasty or medication. The surgery can improve blood flow to the heart and reduce the risk of heart attack, angina, and other complications.
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with bypass surgery, including bleeding, infection, stroke, and heart attack. The recovery time after bypass surgery is generally longer than after less invasive procedures, such as angioplasty, and the patient may need to stay in the hospital for several days or weeks to recover fully.
Written by - Narayanamanikandan B
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