How Japanese Mythology Explains Sun, Wind, Earthquakes and More

Japanese mythology is a fascinating blend of folklore, religious beliefs, and ancient tales passed down through generations. It offers not just stories but a unique perspective on the world, deeply intertwined with the natural environment of Japan. 

Source credit-bigthink.com

From explaining the rising sun to the mysterious mountains and seas, these myths provide insight into how ancient Japanese people made sense of the world around them. In this blog, we'll dive into some of the most intriguing myths and legends that Japanese culture has used to explain natural phenomena.

The Sun and the Goddess Amaterasu

One of the most prominent figures in Japanese mythology is Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess. She is central to the Shinto religion and is often considered the ancestor of the Japanese imperial family. 

The story of Amaterasu not only explains the sun's daily journey across the sky but also highlights the importance of light and warmth in sustaining life.

According to the myth, Amaterasu’s brother, Susanoo, the god of storms, caused havoc in the heavens, destroying rice fields and defiling sacred spaces. Frustrated and angry, Amaterasu retreated into a cave, plunging the world into darkness.

The other gods, desperate to bring her back, held a grand feast outside the cave. One of the goddesses, Ame-no-Uzume, performed a raucous dance, prompting laughter from the gods. 

Curious about the noise, Amaterasu peeked out of the cave, and the gods quickly pulled her out, restoring light to the world. This myth not only explains the sun’s presence but also the importance of community and joy in overcoming darkness.

The Creation of Japan- Izanagi and Izanami

The creation myth of Japan is another cornerstone of Japanese mythology, explaining not just the origin of the islands but also the existence of natural features like mountains, rivers, and seas. The story revolves around two deities, Izanagi and Izanami, who were tasked with creating the land.

According to the myth, Izanagi and Izanami stood on the floating bridge of heaven, stirring the ocean below with a jeweled spear. When they lifted the spear, drops of salty water fell back into the sea, forming the first island, Onogoro.

They descended to this island and, through their union, gave birth to the other islands of Japan as well as various deities who became associated with natural elements. The birth of these deities symbolizes the creation of mountains, rivers, and other natural features, each imbued with its own spirit.

However, the story takes a darker turn with the birth of the fire god, Kagutsuchi, who caused Izanami’s death. Heartbroken, Izanagi went to the underworld to retrieve her, but upon seeing her decayed form, he fled in horror, sealing the entrance to the underworld. 

This myth not only explains the geography of Japan but also introduces the concept of life and death, light and darkness, and the balance of creation and destruction.

Earthquakes and Namazu

Japan is no stranger to earthquakes, and ancient mythology offers a fascinating explanation for these natural occurrences. According to Japanese folklore, earthquakes are caused by Namazu, a giant catfish that lives beneath the earth. 

Namazu is restrained by the god Kashima, who holds him down with a large stone. However, when Kashima’s attention wavers, Namazu thrashes about, causing the ground to shake.

This myth reflects the Japanese understanding of earthquakes as unpredictable and uncontrollable forces of nature. 

The image of a giant catfish causing the earth to tremble also highlights the connection between the natural world and the gods, suggesting that these events are not just random but are influenced by divine beings.

Over time, Namazu became a symbol of both destruction and protection, as the Japanese believed that the catfish’s movements could also prevent even more catastrophic events.

The Wind and Fujin

Wind is another natural phenomenon that plays a significant role in Japanese mythology. The god of wind, Fujin, is often depicted as a fearsome figure, carrying a large bag of wind over his shoulders. He is said to be one of the oldest gods in Japanese mythology, and his influence is both feared and respected.

Fujin is believed to control the winds that sweep across Japan, bringing both beneficial breezes and destructive storms. In some stories, he is portrayed as a chaotic force, causing destruction and havoc wherever he goes. 

In others, he is seen as a necessary element of nature, helping to clear the skies and bring about change in the seasons.

The duality of Fujin’s character reflects the Japanese understanding of nature as something that can be both kind and cruel. The wind, like many other natural phenomena, is seen as a powerful force that is beyond human control, but one that can also be harnessed and respected.

Mount Fuji and the Goddess Sengen

Mount Fuji, Japan’s most iconic mountain, is not just a natural wonder but also a sacred site in Japanese mythology. The mountain is associated with the goddess Sengen, also known as Konohanasakuya-hime, who is considered the deity of Mount Fuji.

According to the myth, Sengen was the daughter of the mountain god and the wife of Ninigi, the grandson of Amaterasu. She is often depicted as a beautiful woman surrounded by cherry blossoms, symbolizing the fleeting nature of life.

Sengen’s association with Mount Fuji highlights the mountain’s sacred status and its role as a symbol of beauty and transcendence.

The story of Sengen also explains the volcanic activity of Mount Fuji. In one tale, Sengen’s husband, Ninigi, doubted her fidelity, and to prove her innocence, Sengen set herself on fire while pregnant.

She emerged unscathed, giving birth to three sons, symbolizing the volcanic eruptions that shaped the mountain. This myth not only ties the mountain to the gods but also serves as a reminder of the destructive power of nature.

Thunderstorms and Raijin

Thunderstorms are another natural phenomenon that has a significant place in Japanese mythology, with the god Raijin being the central figure. Raijin is the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, often depicted as a fearsome demon-like figure beating drums to create thunder.

Raijin is both feared and revered, as thunderstorms were seen as a sign of the gods’ anger but also as a necessary force for growth and renewal. Farmers, in particular, would pray to Raijin for rain to nourish their crops, showing the dual nature of the god as both a bringer of destruction and a giver of life.

The presence of Raijin in Japanese mythology reflects the awe and respect that the Japanese people had for thunderstorms. The dramatic displays of lightning and thunder were seen as manifestations of divine power, reminding people of their place in the natural world and the forces that lay beyond their control.

The Tengu and Mountain Phenomena

Tengu are mythical creatures that are often associated with mountains and forests in Japanese folklore. 

These bird-like beings are known for their mischievous nature and are believed to inhabit remote mountain areas, where they play tricks on travelers and disrupt the natural order.

Tengu are often depicted with both human and avian features, and they are said to have the ability to shape-shift, fly, and control the wind. 

In some stories, they are seen as protectors of the mountains, punishing those who disrespect nature. In others, they are portrayed as troublesome beings who lead people astray.

The mythology of the Tengu reflects the mystery and danger associated with mountains in Japanese culture. 

Mountains were seen as sacred spaces, home to gods and spirits, and the presence of the Tengu served as a reminder of the need to respect these natural environments. 

The unpredictable weather and treacherous terrain of the mountains were often attributed to the actions of the Tengu, further emphasizing the connection between these mythical creatures and the natural world.

The Sea and Ryujin

The sea, with its vastness and mystery, has always been a central element in Japanese mythology. Ryujin, the dragon god of the sea, is one of the most important deities associated with this natural element. Ryujin is often depicted as a dragon who lives in a palace made of coral at the bottom of the ocean.

Ryujin controls the tides with magical jewels, and his influence extends to all aspects of the sea, from the calm waves to the violent storms. Fishermen and sailors would pray to Ryujin for safe passage, and his favor was seen as essential for a bountiful catch.

The story of Ryujin also includes themes of transformation and adaptation, as the sea itself is constantly changing and full of surprises.

In one famous tale, Ryujin's daughter, Otohime, marries a human prince, bringing the worlds of the sea and the land together. 

This union symbolizes the connection between the natural elements and the belief that the gods’ favor could bring prosperity and protection.

Final Thoughts

Japanese mythology offers a rich tapestry of stories and beliefs that explain natural phenomena in ways that are both imaginative and deeply connected to the environment. 

From the sun and the mountains to the sea and the storms, these myths provide insight into how the ancient Japanese people understood the world around them.

These stories are not just about explaining the unexplainable but also about fostering a deep respect for nature and the forces that shape our lives. In a world where the natural environment is often taken for granted, these myths serve as a reminder of the power and mystery that still surround us.

Edited by- Nyari Patel

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